Xunbo Zhou
The majority of vegetables grown in greenhouses in Europe are grown in soil. Where soilless frameworks are utilized, aside from in The Netherlands, Belgium and France, they are generally free-depleting frameworks, in which supplement arrangements are not recycled. Large losses in nitrate (NO3) leaching are common in free-draining soilless systems as well as soil-grown ones. Water system is a significant contributing element to NO3− draining misfortune. To lessen the significant nitrogen loss to surface and subterranean water bodies, irrigation management of greenhouse vegetable crops must be improved. In order to maximize irrigation management of both soil-grown and soilless vegetable crops grown in greenhouses, this article examines the most recent methods and tools currently in use or in development. The FAO56 method for calculating crop water requirements is reviewed in light of its adaptations to cropping cycles and greenhouse conditions. The Penman–Monteith FAO56 equation as well as simpler equations for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETO) and crop coefficient (Kc) values under greenhouse conditions, where cropping cycles may differ significantly from those of outdoor crops, are the subjects of this study. The different classes of soil/ substrate dampness sensors that have been utilized in nursery crops are explored, with respect to their overall reasonableness and down to earth use. The effects of salinity and the use of some sensors to measure the salinity of the growing media are also taken into consideration, as are their applications in substrate and soil.
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