Журнал микробного патогенеза

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Antonino Nocera

Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria represents a critical threat to global public health. This comprehensive review examines the molecular mechanisms underpinning antibiotic resistance, including enzymatic degradation, target modification, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation. We also explore the genetic basis of resistance, encompassing horizontal gene transfer and mutation. By understanding these mechanisms, we aim to identify potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies and to inform policy development for antibiotic usage. The review concludes with a discussion on the implications of antibiotic resistance and future directions for research.