Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine

Despite their remarkable smallness, nanomaterials can be utilized to great effect. Over the past ten years, a lot has been learned about how nanomaterials affect biological interactions and effects. However, as-synthesized materials are typically used for nanomaterial characterization. We contend that nanomaterials ought to be studied and regulated as dynamic entities. As a result, biotransformation should be taken into account when characterizing nanomaterials. In nanosafety, however, in situ characterization of nanomaterials as they undergo dynamic changes in a living system (coronation, dissolution, degradation) remains a formidable obstacle. To address this issue, toxicologists and material scientists must collaborate.

The knowledge of natural or biological structures or behaviors is translated into novel theories and technologies through bio-inspired design, providing fresh research and development avenues. Biomimetic solutions are becoming increasingly popular to enhance the performance of medical needles, despite the fact that the technology for percutaneous intervention medical needles appears to be mature. Bio-inspired medical needle designs for percutaneous interventions, including a variety of biomimetic mechanisms and insertion strategies, are reviewed in this paper. The applications of the various biomimetic medical needle designs, as well as the characteristics of those designs, are categorized into five groups and discussed. In addition to providing technical insights into previous studies, this sort of classification and discussion will reveal previously unknown directions for subsequent research.