Журнал исследований и разработок в области медицинского образования

Some personality traits, such as A and D, have great stress, anxiety, and negative emotions that causes the patients with breast cancer to be susceptible to more stress and negative perception of events. We aimed to investigate the association of type D personality and cognitive strategies of emotion regulation with happiness and QOL in women with breast cancer. The present cross-sectional study included 100 women with breast cancer referred to Shiraz Medical Centers in summer 2015 through purposive sampling method. Demographic information was recorded and they filled four questionnaires voluntarily, including type D personality scale, Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), and Oxford happiness inventory and QOL (SF-36) questionnaires. The association between the variables were then tested by regression models. We found a significant negative association between type D personality and happiness and there was a positive association between type D personality and QOL (P<0.001), between positive cognitive strategies of emotion regulation, and QOL, and happiness (both P<0.001), but there was no significant relationship between negative cognitive strategies of emotion regulation and happiness and QOL (P=0.08). Type D personality and cognitive strategies could affect QOL and happiness in patients suffering from breast cancer.

The National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Japan has conducted training courses for professionals to obtain correct knowledge on radiation and its use in various fields. After the Fukushima accident, the demands for education on radiation not only by professionals but also by students increased. NIRS started school visits to conduct classes on radiation basics to ninth-grade (14/15-year-old) students in public junior high schools in cooperation with the Chiba city education board. After the classes, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the school visits and to improve the contents of the education. Almost half of the students thought that the contents of the lecture were slightly difficult or difficult to understand. Use of devices or instruments such as a cloud chamber, TV phone, or survey meter was helpful to arouse the students’ interest. The school visits significantly changed the students’ feelings toward radiation from “fear” to “interest”. Our preliminary trial to conduct a class on radiation basics in junior high school suggests that detection of radiation by students and its visualization are very helpful in educating school children on radiation.

Object: To study the association between dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms and the risperidone-induced amenorrhea resulted from hyperprolactinemia in female schizophrenia patients. Patients and methods: According to International Diagnostic and Classification of Diseases tenth edition (ICD-10) criteria, 45 Chinese female schizophrenic patients (25 patients with amenorrhea, and 20 patients with eumenorrhea) were recruited by trained psychiatrists in this study. Sanger sequencing was utilized to determine the DRD2 and COMT genotypes from peripheral venous blood samples. Results: There were no significant differences between amenorrhea patients and eumenorrhea patients in age, disease courses and risperidone dosages (P>0.05). Also, no significant differences were observed in rs6277, rs1079598 and rs4680 polymorphisms between the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that DRD2 rs6277, rs1079598 and COMT rs4680 gene polymorphisms show no significant correlation with risperidone-induced amenorrhea in Chinese female schizophrenia patients.

Introduction: Congenital heart defects are the most common, pervasive and serious chronic illness of all congenital malformations. The birth of a child can be stressful enough for many parents, turn into one of dashed joy and feeling of distress so there may be necessary for parents to obtain enough support from health professionals.

Methods: A descriptive Correlational study was conducted among 142 parents of children with Congenital Heart Disease attending Pediatric Medical Out Patient Department in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Bansbari, Kathmandu. Data were collected using pre-tested structured interview schedule in Nepali version. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square and Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation).

Results: The findings of the study revealed that near about three forth (71.8%) of parents had moderately level of stress whereas 28.2% had low level of stress and 79.6% had moderately helpful level of coping and 20.4% had minimally helpful level of coping. There was negative correlation between stress and coping (r=-0.076 and p-value=0.367) of parents. There were no any statistical association between socio-demographic characteristics of parents and stress level. Similarly, there were statistically significant association of level of coping with relationship with child, religion and occupation of parents (p-value 0.004, 0.002 and 0.005) respectively.

Conclusion: The study concluded that with increased level of stress, there is decreased level of coping among the parents. Further, the findings suggest that health personnel must assess parenting stress at each visit to provide appropriate support and anticipatory guidance to families of children with Congenital Heart Disease.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) with complications such as stroke and heart failure. Knowledge and attitude about hypertension have been indicated to influence practice of healthy lifestyle which has implications for hypertension prevention and control. There are anecdotal reports of sudden death and stroke in Isunjaba. However, there is no documentation about their lifestyle practices relating to hypertension. Health information given by nurses may positively influence healthy behaviours such as exercise, weight control, appropriate nutrition and regular Blood Pressure (BP) checks. This study was designed to assess the effects of a Community Health Nursing Intervention (CHNI) on knowledge, attitude and lifestyles relating to hypertension among residents of Isunjaba, Imo State, having the economic advantage of population-focus study in mind. There was significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and lifestyle of the two groups after intervention, P value<0.05. Health Education about hypertension to improve knowledge, attitude as well as positive lifestyles among populations should be supported by nurses, agencies and the Government.

Health Care professionals are effective problem-solvers in a specific area of technology; leadership calls for a very different way of thinking and learning. Leadership development is a combination of experiential learning and programmed learning, including the conceptual frameworks of leadership, practice to integrate and apply the metacognitive skills of leadership, such as self-discovery of leadership identity and a movement towards mindfulness. Integral to this learning is the support of other leaders who provide a mixture of coaching and mentoring to sustain the new leader’s growth. Leadership education takes place beyond university in a context that broadens the career opportunities for health care professionals. In the USA leadership development education has a business focus, while in Canada it values sustainability and a holistic thinking, particularly in medical and applied sciences. Often professionals regard leadership training as a soft skill with less value in their technical field of practice and this presents a challenge for leaders in organizations or professional associations, who need to identify the preferred educational strategies to develop leadership or to risk using leaders without the essential technical expertise for strategic planning and decisionmaking. Employer surveys show an expectation that health care graduates have equivalent skills in technical expertise, business knowledge, and leadership. Learning leadership includes leadership practices to describe and quantify the leadership of individuals and to characterize the leadership of the specific group; secondly, a workshop on leadership education based on transformational learning and thirdly, formation of a community of leaders who advocate and further leadership development.

Background: One of the most common causes of death worldwide is sudden cardiac arrest. Nowadays, there is plethora of educational programs introducing basic life support skills among medical, paramedical stuff but also civilians. With the increasing use of computer technology, e-learning gains ground the recent years in several areas including medicine.

Purpose: An opinion research was conducted, about whether e-learning classes of CPR, conventional classroom learning or a mixed pattern are preferable among nurses.

Methods: Our study was conducted between August 2014 and April 2015 using an electronic survey uploaded in the official page of the National Regulatory Body of Nurses. In total 108 questionnaires were enrolled in the study after authenticity filtering.

Results: 70% of the responders believe that average tolerable educational cost for a BLS course is about or less of 25 €. 96.6% of the participants had CPR training before and a 90.8% desired to take further education or be retrained. 96.3% would apply CPR if needed with 67.9% not to quail from the risk of legal penalties. 84.4% had a certified knowledge of computers. Among e-learning, traditional classroom sessions and a combination of methods, 7.3% chose e-learning, 26.6% and 65.1% respectively classroom training or a combination of methods.

Conclusion: Nurses prefer to be trained by a combination of methods or else beginning to trust e-learning. The majority would offer a minimum amount of money for education. Encouraging, most of the participants have the intention to apply CPR if needed, despite the possibility for legal consequences.