Журнал биометрии и биостатистики

To help uncover the genetic determinants of complex disease, a scientist often designs an association study using either unrelated subjects or family members within pedigrees. But which of these two subject recruitment paradigms is preferable? This editorial addresses the debate over the relative merits of family- and population-based genetic association studies. We begin by briefly recounting the evolution of genetic epidemiology and the rich crossroads of statistics and genetics. We then detail the arguments for the two aforementioned paradigms in recent and current applications. Finally, we speculate on how the debate may progress with the emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies.

 When genes area unit on separate chromosomes, or terribly way apart on identical chromosomes, they assort severally. That is, once the genes go in gametes, the gene received for one sequence does not have an effect on the gene received for the opposite. during a double heterozygous organism (AaBb), this ends up in the formation of all 444 attainable varieties of gametes with equal, or 25%, percent, frequency. Why is that this the case? Genes on separate bodys assort severally thanks to the random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs throughout meiosis. Homologous chromosomes area unit paired chromosomes that carry identical genes, however could have totally different alleles of these genes. One member of every homologous combine comes from associate organism's momma, the opposite from itspop.

 Along with the automation of our electronic equipment life, security problems become a lot of important and necessary. There square measure queries asked in our existence like “is this the correct person to be allowed to access the system?”, “is this the licensed person to perform such action?”, and “does this person belong to the current country?” there have been 2 strategies for responsive this questions: 1st one supported “what you have” and referred to as (knowledge factors), like ID cards, and therefore the other supported “what you know” and referred to as (ownership factors), but each strategies will be borrowed or traced or purloined, therefore users have to be compelled to carry several IDs and study loads of passwords.

One of the foremost wide used definitions for methodology lustiness in drug company is given by ICH: 'The lustiness of associate degree analytical procedure may be a live of its capability to stay unaffected by little, however deliberate variations in methodology parameters and provides a sign of its responsibility throughout traditional usage'. A lustiness check is intended to indicate the responsibility of a way response as totally different parameters area unit varied. it's the primary stage of a lustiness check to choose on that parameters ought to be tested and by what quantity to vary them. The factors fall broadly speaking in one in every of 2 areas: Operational factors, Environmental factors, hydrogen ion concentration in a very mobile section, Mobile section composition, totally different columns, Temperature and rate Robustness is set by exploitation either associate degree experimental style or one issue at a time (OFAT). Within the OFAT approach, just one issue is modified with all the others unchanged, then the result of adjusting that issue will be seen.

 Factor investment and Portfolio Construction Techniques a variable distribution may be a vector in multiple unremarkably distributed variables, specified any linear combination of the variables is additionally unremarkably distributed. it's largely helpful in extending the central limit theorem to multiple variables, however conjointly has applications to Bayesian reasoning and therefore machine learning, wherever the variable distribution is employed to approximate the options of some characteristics; as an example, in sleuthing faces in footage. The traditional CVaR optimisation conducts the linear optimisation exploitation historical returns. To make sure the optimized weights are strong to a particular set of ascertained returns, we tend to propose a brand new optimisation technique that we'll decision “robust minimum CVaR optimization” or Rob Min CVaR. We tend to borrow the concepts from strong optimisation (see [MIC 98] and ancient CVaR optimisation above). In summary, we tend to work historical returns to a prespecified variable distribution.