Обзор арабского журнала бизнеса и менеджмента

In recent years, there has been a dramatic growth in credit card usage among the people. This increase in the number of people holding credit cards and incurring credit card debt has generated concern that these people are overextended and unaware of the long-term consequences associated with severe indebtedness. Credit card unhealthy practices become been a world-wide challenge in the global business environment. The effect of default hits not only the victim, but also the banks, credit card companies, merchants and even the economies.

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of organizational leadership on promoting innovation. A detailed literature review is used, and it was completed by statistical techniques as follow: graphical and tabular representation of Data, factor analysis, and reliability analysis.
This analysis revealed that organizational innovation is promoted through collaborative leadership. Companies are urged to promote collaborative leadership.
This dissertation is among the first to highlight the effect of collaborative leadership on organizational innovation. It provides a valuable platform for Leadership scholars and practitioners who search for improving leadership, and organizational innovation.

???????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????????, ??????? ?????? ?? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ? ???? Ethio Telecom Dawro. ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????, ??? ? ????????? ??????. ???? ?????? 300 ????????????. ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ?????? SERVQUAL ??? ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????, ? ??????: ??????????, ???????????, ????????????, ??????? ? ???????????. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????, ?????????, ????????? ? ??????????. ???????????? ???????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ? ?????????????????? ????????. ?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????, ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ?? ?? ????? ??????????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ? ?????????. ????? ???????, ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????????????? ????????, ? ??? ??????????, ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????? ? ????????? ????????????.

? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ? 1985 ?? 2015 ???. ??? ?????????? ??????? ? ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ???? (ARDL) ? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????????. ? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????, ????????????? ????, ???????? ????? ? ???????? ????? (?. ?. ??? ??????? ?????). ?????????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ???? ? ????????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ???????, ? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???????????? ???????. ?????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ????????, ??? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????, ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ? ????????? ?????. ??????????? ???????, ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????, ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ? ???????? ?????. ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????, ?????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ? ????????? ????? ? ????????. ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????: ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????-????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???????-????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ? ????????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????. ????? ??????????, ????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ?????????, ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????????.

???????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????, ???????? ????????? ????????? ? 18 ???????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? 1999-2015 ??. ??????????, ???????????? ? ??????, ???????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ????????????? ???????, ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ?????????? ????? ??????????, ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ???????, ?? ????????? ????????????, ? ? ???????? ??????? ? ???????????? ??????? ????????. ????? ???????, ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????????. ????????, ???? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ? ???????????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????, ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????. ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????????? ????????, ????? ??? ?????????? ? ????? ????????, ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ???????????. ? ?????????, ???????????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ???????. ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????, ??????????? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????, ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? «???????????? ???????». ????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????????? (?????????????? ??????????? ??????????), ?????????????? ? ???? ???????????? (?????????? ??????, ????? ??????????????, ?????????? ????? ??????-?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????), ?? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????.