Журнал гражданской и экологической инженерии

In this work, activated carbons were prepared by a combination of physical and chemical activation from raw tannery sludge. The burn-off and the yield percentage of the acid activated carbons were evaluated for two particle size namely 600 μm (TSC600) and 300 μm (TSC300). The developed activated carbons were characterized and analysed for adsorption isotherm under nitrogen atmosphere at -196.86°C. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and the functional groups were also identified for the tannery sludge activated carbons. The thermal stability for the activated carbons TSC600 and TSC300 were confirmed by their exothermic peaks at 971.1°C and 897.4°C respectively. The higher surface area of the sludge carbons was obtained by the BET isotherm plot, suggesting the application of the produced carbon as a potential adsorbent. The surface area of TSC600 and TSC300 at the activating condition was 188.205 m2/g and 212.32 m2/g. The pore size distribution of the sludge developed was obtained by BET isotherm under the BJH method (19.77 A°<200 A°) and HK method (5.25 A°<200 A°). The developed carbons were dominated by micropores and mesopores.

Geotechnical performances of soil superstructure systems are strongly dependent on the properties of the soil, and prediction of the performance of these systems in real conditions requires accurate modelling of soil parameter. It is vital to determine the risk of damage to structures, due to soil displacement by differing some of the soil parameters. The core objective of this project is to study the response of a soil-structure subjected to uniform loading. From this, the soil- structure stiffness can be easily obtained. For the basis of the analysis, the soil has been assumed first elastic with individual random variables such as Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio simultaneously. After the elastic displacement, known the plastic analysis conducted. For the analysis of this project, finite element models are developed in ABAQUS to simulate vertical uniform load of 3 kilo-Pascal (kPa) for elastic and 100 kPa for plastic deformation. Results from the analysis discussed and comparison between the experimental values and theoretical values examined. The difference between elastic and plastic analysis checked against the displacement. The parametric study has indicated that the E- modulus of the soil and structure load have larger impact on the soil-structure response. Due to various variables of certain soil parameters, the selection of specific soil with few important variables were the centre of this study, to achieve more realistic results.©

In this study, water-soil moisture heating behavior, water vapor rates, and the effect of soil-aggregating agent permittivity under a 2.45-GHz microwave cavity resonator were investigated. The conducted experiments indicated different orders of magnitude than the drying furnace process in the water evaporation rate; moreover, the water vapor rate increased in accordance with the microwave power. The microwave absorption properties indicated that microwave selectively heated water into vaporized moisture, and the vaporization conformed to an energy balance between water evaporative latent heat and microwave power. Furthermore, soil-aggregating agents showed minimal effects on the vapor rate at low microwave power, whereas sand deposited with an aggregating agent indicated a higher vapor rate than that without an agent at a high microwave power. When sufficient energy was supplied to moisture, water transfer was dominant in the vaporization process. In this case, the soil-aggregating agents significantly affected the efficiency of the vaporization process.

To minimize administration efforts and to base all energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions recording on the same consistent operational database, an integrated approach to manage energy and capture carbon footprint in one management system is recommended. Measuring and reporting terminal GHG-emissions currently is not mandatory but recommended in the view of already existing and upcoming new carbon dioxide reporting standards. Some terminals have already developed systems to monitor emissions for internal use.

Mandatory carbon footprint reporting is expected for the near future, which must be based on comparable conditions and methodologies. Pre-competitive co-operation and exchange of ideas therefore is essential. Workload on container terminals is very high, so additional burdens from carbon footprint management system must be kept at a minimum.

This article explains the methodology of calculation of the carbon footprint of container terminals as a link in the logistics chain.

The nanoparticle is used into cement pastes to improve its engineering properties. In this paper, silicon carbide (SiC) and titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles with a particle size (20 nm) were added at different percentages 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%) to cement pastes. The cement pastes were tested for mechanical and physical properties at different curing ages (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). The results of mechanical and physical tests showed a significant improvement with all mixtures of nanoparticles, and the maximum values of the mechanical and physical tests were associated with the cement paste samples with 5% TiC at curing time 28 days. SEM results showed the control samples of cement paste had needle shapes to structure Ca(OH)2 with the of large pores. However, adding of nanoparticles resulted in absence of needle shape structures, pore spaces and produced a homogeneous structure of compounds (C-SH).