Раковая наука и терапия

The management of cancer in human yet remains a major challenge in contemporary medicine. Natural products have been identified as one of the sources of numerous therapeutic agents. Camel’s milk and urine are among such natural products enriched with molecules that are safe to humans and endowed with profound anti-cancer properties. In vitro studies of the anticancer effects of these products are mainly attributed to inhibition of carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. Camel products also showed an improvement in the life span and the survival of animals among the in vivo studies recorded, an effect caused mainly via clearance of malignant tumors in various organs and inhibition of progression to metastasis. Furthermore, prospects of harvesting promising therapeutic nanoparticles/nano-bodies/nano-rods are now being explored from such natural products for cancer therapy. Yet, prominent gap is evident in regard to advanced research geared towards identifying and designing suitable nano-materials. Therefore, a multi-pronged approach entailing a deeper understanding of cancer biology, nanomaterial’s molecular characteristics on tumor environment, and further formulation of nano-clones is underscored to position them as clinically useful pharmaceuticals.

Introduction: skin sparing mastectomy with immediate autologous breast reconstruction has a positive psychosocial and sexual effect, however postoperative radiotherapy could adversely affect its cosmetic results.

Patients and methods: This study included 24 female breast cancer patients underwent skin sparing mastectomy with or without scarifying NAC and immediate reconstruction by autologous TRAM and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. They received adjuvant chemotherapy followed by 3DCRT, we evaluated them for skin complications and cosmoses.

Results: Faint erythema or dry desquamation detected in 16 patients (66.6%), while 8 patients (29.2%) had moderate to brisk erythema. Two patients (8.3%) had skin edema and one patient (4.2%) had telangiectasia. Two patients complained from moderate pain Fat necrosis within the flap detected only in one patient (4.2%). Twentytwo patients (83.3%) had acceptable cosmoses while 2 patients had unsatisfactory cosmetic results.

Conclusion: Postoperative radiotherapy is safe with acceptable rate of complications and very good patients satisfactions after skin sparing mastectomy and immediate autologous breast reconstruction.

Purpose: This research looks at inflammatory response biomarkers in the context of their prognostic potential, derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients suffering from rectal cancer and being administered neoadjuvant chemoradiation preceding surgical resection.

Methods: This work offers a retrospective review of “T3/T4, or N+ rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation 50.4 Gy concurrently with either 5 FU (1 g/m2/d) or Capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice daily. Pretreatment NLR, dNLR, PLR and LMR measured with the help of peripheral blood cell counts were correlated to clinicopathological parameters. Baseline NLR, dNLR, PLR and LMR prognostic value for disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were studied through Cox regression and Log rank.

Results: This study revolved around 80 participants who had undergone resection subsequent to neoadjuvant chemoradiation. ROC or receiver operating curve cut off values for baseline were NLR (3), dNLR (2.1), LMR (4.9) and PLR(169). “Augmented NLR, dNLR, PLR, LMR , age ≥50 years , depth of invasion ≥T3 , lymph node N1-N2, stage III , grade 3 tumors, and partial response to pre-operative chemo-radiation were significantly correlated to reduced OS and DFS. A multivariate evaluation highlighted that risen NLR and dNLR stood as independent elements for worsened OS with an HR (hazard ratio) of 2.34 (95% CI= 3.41-7.24), 4.53 (95% CI, 2.61-8.32) and poor DSF with HR 1.64 (95% CI= 2.27-5.36), 4.23 (95% CI= 3.49-9.52), respectively.”

Conclusion: The baseline inflammatory prognosticators revealed substantial link to various prognostic clinicpathological parameters in the context of rectal cancer patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemo-radiation. Moreover, both NLR and dNLR can be seen as possible independent indicators for prognosis in the given patient group.

Objectives: This document aims to identify the clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic features of this association and to provide the up-to-date management.

Methods and materials: Our study design is retrospective based on 25 cases of pregnancy-associated breast cancer, carried out at the Maternity and Neonatology Center of Tunis over a period of 10 years, between January 2001 and December 2013.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.84 years. Breast cancer was diagnosed during pregnancy in fourteen patients and after delivery in eleven patients. Pathohistological diagnosis was established by ultrasoundguided biopsy and surgical biopsy in fourteen and seven patients, respectively. The most common histological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (96% of cases). Pregnancy was completed in nine patients. The mean gestational age at which delivery occurred was 35.4 weeks. Twenty patients underwent surgical treatment by mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) associated with axillary lymph node dissection was performed in three cases. Chemotherapy was allowed during pregnancy, and was given to 23 patients. On the other hand, radiotherapy, antiestrogens (Tamoxifene) and targeted therapies (Herceptin) must be postponed after delivery because of their teratogenic effects. After a 5-year follow-up, two of eighteen patients died and six were lost to follow-up.

Conclusion: The poor prognosis of the pregnancy-associated breast cancer is no longer attributed to pregnancy but rather to the young age of the patients and the delay in the diagnosis of cancer. Treatment should be started promptly during pregnancy.

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