Архив хирургической онкологии

High-Grade Urothelial Bladder Cancer in Children: A Case Report andCritical Analysis of the Literature

Abstract

Kral Milan, Smakal Oldrich, Michalek Jaroslav, Skarda Jozef, Tichy Tomas, Ctvrtlik Filip, Kodet Roman, Vidlar Ales and Vladimir

Bladder cancer is relatively common in adults; however, in children, bladder malignancies are extremely rare. In the present case report, we describe the diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up management of bladder cancer in a 3-year-old boy. Furthermore, we focus on typical and less frequently seen histological characteristics of bladder cancer in childhood. Despite its low incidence and prevalence, it is very important to emphasize that bladder cancer is the most serious condition which should not be missed in the differential diagnosis of hematuria or urinary tract infection.