Журнал нефрологии и терапии

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of serum electrolyte disturbances in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia after transurethral resection of the prostate.

Material and Methods: The cross sectional and descriptive study was carried out at the department of urology, Liaquat university hospital Jamshoro/Hyderabad. An informed consent was taken from all patients who were diagnosed as benign prostate hyperplasia in the department of urology by consultant urologist. All such patients were assessed for their serum electrolytes plstoperatively (on the first postoperative day) by taking 3cc venous blood sample in a sterilized disposable syringe and send to laboratory for analysis. The data were collected on pre-designed proforma.

Results: The mean age ± SD (range) was 61.25 years ± 8.86 (50 to 90 years). Most of the patients i.e. 44 (29.3%, n=150) were between were seen in the age group 61 to 65 years. 57(38.0%) patients had the frequency of electrolyte disturbance. Mean preoperative and postoperative Hyponatremia was (129.29 ± 1.94) mmol/L and (132.05 ± 2.41) mmol/L (P>0.0001) whereas mean preoperative and postoperative Hypernatremia was (149.8 ± 0.3) mmol/L and (147.2 ± 1.1) mmol/L (P>0.02). Mean preoperative and postoperative Hypochloremia was (2.82 ± 0.5) mmol/L and (3.8± 1.6) mmol/L (P>0.03) whereas mean preoperative and postoperative Hyperkalemia was (110 ± 12.5) mmol/L and (106 ± 9.5) mmol/L (P>0.04). Mean preoperative and postoperative Hypochloremia was (80.0 ± 10.6) mmol/L and (95.0 ± 11.2) mmol/L (P>0.0001) whereas mean preoperative and postoperative Hyperchloremia was (130 ± 7.6) mmol/L and (110 ± 9.6) mmol/L (P>0.05). Mean preoperative and postoperative sodium bicarbonate (HCO3) at lower was (20.0± 1.4) mmol/L and (29.0 ± 2.1) mmol/L (P>0.002) and mean preoperative and postoperative Hyperchloremia was (38.1 ± 2.5) mmol/L and (31.02 ± 3.6) mmol/L (P>0.006).

Conclusion: The further research should be required in advance and extended phase at different and wide clinical setting to gives more and better knowledge related to electrolyte disturbances in transurethral resection of prostate.

43-?????? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ???????? ??-?? ???????? ??????????????? ? ???????????? ???????????. ?? ?????????? ? 15 ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????????. ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????, ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ? ??????????? ????? β-?????????? ? ?????????????? ????????. ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? Ig A. ???????????? ??????? ?????????? IgA ?????????? ?? ????. ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????? Ig A, ????????? ? ????? β-???????????, ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????. ? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????, ????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????.

Kidneys are one of the vital organs of body which carry out several important roles in regulating the normal body functions. Its major role is formation of Baul (urine) and execute water and salt balance, and release of hormone. Excess use of antibiotics (chiefly aminoglycosides), NSAIDS and anti-tubercular drugs damage the kidneys. Renal failure is the condition where withholding of metabolic products in response to weakening of function. In recent time its management is by dialysis, kidney transplantation or chemotherapy. This type of treatment is costly and not affordable by everyone. For this solution there are many drugs describe in Unani literature from Mawalide Salasa origin like; plant, mineral and animals that have negligible side effects and easily available their native. The present review attempted to clarify the role of the drug repertoire of the Unani Medicine which are used for the management of amraze kuliya/zofe kuliya scientifically proved useful in treating renal disorders

?????? ??????????? ????? (???), ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????????????, ???????? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??????????????? ? ???????????. ??? ???????????? ?? 2004 ????, ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? (ADQI) ?????????? RIFLE (????, ?????? ? ?????, ?????? ??????? ? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????) ? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ? ???????????? ???. ??????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ? ???????????????? ??????????? ? ????????, ??????? pRIFLE (??? ?????), AKIN ? KDIGO. ? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ? ?????????????? ??? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????????????.

??????????????? ??????? — ??? ?????????? ??????, ??????????? ?? ???? ??????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????.

?? ????????? 40 ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ?????????????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????. ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ????? ? ????????. ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????, ??? ?????????, ???????????, ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????????????? ??????, ?????????? ? ????????-?????????? ???????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ????? (???), ??????????? ?? ???????????, ?? ? ? ???, ?????????????? ???? ?? ????. ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????????????? ???, ?????????????? ???? ?? ????????, ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ??????. ?????? ??????????? ???, ?????????????? ????, ????? ???????????? ? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????. ???????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????, ?????????????? ???? ?? ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????????, ? ?????????? ???????????? ? ??????????????, ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ? ????????? ? ???, ?????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???, ???????????? ?? ???????????.

??????????? ? ????: ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ???? — ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??-?? ???????? ???????? ????????.

????????? ? ??????: ?? ?????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????, ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????????.

??????????: ???????? ???????? ???????????, ???????????? ? 2003 ????, ?????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? (????), ????????? ?????????? ???????????? II (???), ????-????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????. ???? ??????????, ??? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ? ????? ????????? ???????? ???, ??? β-????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????.

??????????: ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????????, ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ? ???????????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???: ???????????????? (????????? ??????, ?????????????? ???????????, ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ?????????, ????????????, ???????????????? ???? ?? ???????, ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????????????????? ???) ? ???????????????? (??????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????????, ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ????????????????? ?????????, ????????? ? ????????????? ??????????, ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ? ???????????????? ??????????). ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????????? ? ???????????, ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????. ? ????????? ? ???????????, ??????? ?? ????????? ???????????????? ???????, ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????.

??????????? ????-????????????? ????????? ???????? (GBM) ??????????????? ??????????????, ????????????? ?????? ????-GBM ????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? 3(IV). ??? ???????? ??????????? ? GBM, ? ? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????????. ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????-GBM ???????, ? ? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????

Objective: To evaluate once-monthly continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (C.E.R.A.) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for two years under standard conditions.

Methods: In a non-interventional study, C.E.R.A. was administered according to local practice in patients with dialysis dependent or non-dialysis dependent CKD.

Results: 206 patients were evaluable to month 24. In the dialysis dependent and non-dialysis dependent patients who had received ESA therapy prior to study entry, Hb remained stable from baseline to the end of the study: mean (SD) change was -0.3 (1.5) g/dL (n=148) and 0.3 (1.6) g/dL (n=33), respectively. The mean (SD) dose of C.E.R.A. was 114 (78) μg in dialysis dependent patients and 97 (71) μg in non-dialysis dependent patients at baseline, remaining virtually unchanged during the study (109 (76) μg and 99 (68) μg). During the two-year study, dialysis dependent and non-dialysis dependent patients received a mean of 6.1 and 4.3 dose changes, respectively. Discontinuation due to adverse events was rare (2.9%).

Conclusions: Once-monthly C.E.R.A. is effective and convenient in dialysis dependent and non-dialysis dependent patients with renal anemia under routine conditions for at least two years, and requires few dose changes. C.E.R.A. was well-tolerated with a good safety profile over the two-year study period.