Peerapon Muangpruan, Thanthara Janruengsri, Palatip Chutoam, Suwit Klongthalay, and Voravuth Somsak
Liver and renal damage are some causes of deaths in malaria disease. Moreover, hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic shock during malaria infection have also been reported. Therefore, finding new plant extracts to have the activities to protect liver and renal damage as well as hypoglycemia during malaria infection is urgently needed. In this study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of Andrographis paniculata leaf extract on liver and renal damage as well as hypoglycemia induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) infection in mice. Aqueous crude extract of A. paniculata leaves was freshly prepared using hot water method. For efficacy test, standard 4-day suppressive test was used. ICR mice were inoculated with 1x107 parasitized erythrocytes of PbANKA by intraperitoneal infected, and given the extract (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) orally by gavage for 4 consecutive days. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and glucose were measured. It was found that liver and renal damage were developed during malaria infection as indicated by markedly increasing of AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine, and decreasing of albumin levels. Additionally, hypoglycemia was also found during the infection. Interestingly, A. paniculata extract showed protective effects on liver and renal damage, and presented anti-hypoglycemia in a dose-dependent manner against infected mice treated with this extract. The highest effect was found at dose of 2000 mg/kg. Moreover, no any side effects were observed in normal mice treated with the extract. It can be concluded that A. paniculata leaf extract can be used as alternative drug to protect liver and renal damage as well as hypoglycemia during malaria infection
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